Kimchi 101
It’s smelly, spicy,
scary-looking and quite possibly the world’s healthiest food. It hisses
and foams when you open its jar. It is revered by Koreans and reviled by
many Americans. Kimchi – you either love it or hate it.
I’ve
long been a lover of kimchi, though in my early days it was a social
liability. There were few others for me to share my enthusiasm with.
Nothing would clear a room faster than opening a jar of kimchi. Now
kimchi has penetrated American pop culture and is showing up in Korean
tacos on menus of chain restaurants such as TGI Fridays. Kimchi has been
popularized as one of the world’s healthiest foods. It is rich in
vitamins A and C and beneficial gut-boosting lactobacillus bacteria. And many say that it’s excellent for your immune system, thanks to both the bacteria and the chili peppers.
Kimchi
is a fermented Korean vegetable pickle, similar to sauerkraut.
Traditional kimchi is made from cabbage, garlic, red pepper and salt,
but can also be made from cucumber, radishes, leeks, scallions or
chives. Typically the vegetables are salted, drained, then mixed with a
spicy pepper paste and allowed to ferment. In Korea, raw kimchi is
served on a daily basis as a side dish. Kimchi is salty, spicy,
garlicky, funky and just a touch sweet. It’s strange, foreign and, to
some, offputting.
My
entrée into the world of kimchi was from a jar purchased at the grocery
store. It tasted like sauerkraut with hot sauce. It had that funky,
hard-to-define umami thing going. Later in life I discovered the Korean
superstore H Mart in the Chicago suburb of Niles, where I was able to
watch fresh kimchi being made by smiling Korean grandmothers. Working in
large plastic tubs, fiery pepper paste was gently massaged between the
leaves of whole Napa cabbages, and then portioned into quart plastic
bags. This was my first
homemade kimchi. Its taste changed daily as it fermented. It was
spicy-sweet initially. As it aged, the sweetness became more
caramel-like, and then acidic with a bit of effervescence.
One
fall I came across the most beautiful Napa cabbage at the Old Capitol
Farmers Market. I decided to buy a bushel and attempt to make my own
kimchi (recipe follows). Sourcing ethnic ingredients can often be a
challenge, but I was able to find Gochugaru (Korean red chili pepper
powder), fish sauce and tiny salted shrimp at the local Asian food
store. The other ingredients (daikon radish, garlic, green onions and
ginger) were easily obtainable from the grocery store produce
department. I made 20 quarts that fall, more than I could consume or
give away. The refrigerator in my basement will smell like kimchi
forevermore.
As kimchi
ages and ferments, its taste becomes stronger and less appealing to eat
raw. At this stage it can be incorporated into dishes such as stews,
soups, fried rice and savory pancakes. Older kimchi undergoes a
marvelous transformation when sautéed in butter. Its flavors sweeten and
soften as it caramelizes. I use sautéed kimchi as a hot dog condiment
in my version of the Kogi Dog. Kogi Dogs are Korean-style hot dogs made
popular by Los Angeles chef Roy Choi and his iconic Kogi food truck.
Choi is a classically trained Korean American chef who was named one of
the top ten “Best New Chefs” of 2010 by Food & Wine magazine, and was the first food truck operator to win that distinction.
Basic Napa kimchi
• 1 head Napa cabbage, about 2 pounds
• 1/3 cup coarse salt
• 1 cup peeled and julienned daikon radish
• 1 tablespoon or more of Gochugaru (ground red Korean chili powder)
• ¼ cup fish sauce
• 2 tablespoons minced garlic
• 1 tablespoon peeled and minced ginger
• 2 tablespoons sugar
• ½ cup finely chopped scallions, green part only
• 3 tablespoons salted shrimp (sold in jars in refrigerated case in Asian stores)
Place
the cabbage in a colander and sprinkle it with the salt, making sure to
get plenty of salt between the layers of leaves. Let sit, undisturbed,
for 2 to 3 hours.
When the cabbage is very wilted, rinse it well, making sure to rinse again between the layers of leaves. Shake it dry.
Mix together radish, ground chilies, fish sauce, garlic, ginger, sugar and scallions; the mixture will be bright red.
Combine
salted shrimp with spice mixture. Use your fingers to pack the whole
cabbage, inside and out, with the mixture. Or cut the cabbage up, and
toss it with the mixture. Serve immediately, whole or cut, or
refrigerate. It will become spicier every day.
Kogi Dogs
• 2 cups finely shredded cabbage
• 1 large scallion, finely chopped
• 1 tablespoon fresh lime juice
• Salt and freshly ground pepper
• 1 tablespoon toasted sesame seeds
• 1/2 cup mayonnaise
• 2 tablespoons butter
• 1 cup kimchi, drained and patted dry
• 8 hot dog buns, split
• 8 all-beef hot dogs
• 1 cup shredded sharp cheddar
• 2 cups romaine, julienned
• 1 small red onion, thinly sliced
• Cilantro sprigs
• Sriracha
Combine the cabbage, scallions and lime juice; season with salt and pepper.
In a mortar, pound the sesame seeds until crushed and transfer to a small bowl. Stir in the mayonnaise and season with salt.
In
a nonstick skillet, heat 1 tablespoon of butter. Add the kimchi and
cook over medium-low heat until caramelized, about 10 minutes.
Light
a grill. Brush the insides of the buns with melted butter and grill
until lightly toasted. Spread the cut sides with the sesame mayonnaise.
Grill
the hot dogs until nicely charred all over, about 5-8 minutes. Tuck the
hot dogs into the buns with the kimchi and cheddar. Top with the
cabbage salad, romaine, onion and cilantro sprigs. Top with a little
sriracha and serve.
Peter
Glatz agrees with food activist Michael Pollan who wrote that
fermenting your own food is a “declaration of independence from an
economy that would much prefer we remain passive consumers of its
standardized commodities, rather than creators of idiosyncratic products
expressive of ourselves and of the places where we live, because your
pale ale or sourdough bread or kimchi is going to taste nothing like
mine or anyone else’s.”